Thermal equilibrium, carrier concentrations lecture 4. Silicon is and will for a very long time be the dominant material used for electronics. The semiconductors have the conductivity which is between the conductors and the insulators. The semiconductor industry which is a subset of electronic. Basic electrical and electronics engineering notes pdf. Semiconductors ppt and pdf report free study mafia. Nptel courses in engineering, science, management, humanities and social sciences. Materials for mems and microsystems this chapter will cover the materials used in siliconbased mems and microsystems. Types of semiconductor materials the silicon doped with extra electrons is called an n type semiconductor. Suitable for advanced undergraduates, it is intended for materials and electrical engineers who want to gain a fundamental understanding of alloys, semiconductor devices, lasers, magnetic materials, and so forth. Nptel syllabus fundamental concepts of semiconductors web course course outline the aim of the course is to develop physics and engineering strategies of semiconductor materials and to discuss their functionalities in modern electronic and optoelectronic devices. Solid state electronic devices ee3310 class notes introduction. Because of their application in the computer and photovoltaic industryin devices such as transistors, lasers, and solar cellsthe search for new semiconductor materials and the. Chitralekha mahanta, department of electronics and communication engineering,iit guwahati.
Course detail module description hrs key points module 1 introduction to solid state. Semiconductor hetrostructureslatticematched layers. This course seeks to cover the basics of semiconductor devices including the physics of energy. The companys focus is accelerating fab yield ramp, electrical characterization for production control, and big data analytics software for fabless, foundry, test and assembly production control and monitoring.
Weve learned about how physical phenomena can represent and communicate information, and will learn about how it can be input, stored, and output, but here we turn to the essential electronic devices that transform it. Heterojunctions juxtapose two different semiconductor materials, which also usually have different doping. Electrical characterization is becoming increasingly important because. Compared to metals, semiconductors have higher resistivity values, as seen in table 2. The circuit schematic symbol of a diode is shown in figure 5. Power semiconductor drives pdf notes psd pdf notes. Pdf solutions develops yieldimprovement technologies and services for the manufacturing process lifecycle. Semiconductor materials doping is the process of adding impurities to intrinsic semiconductive materials to increase and control conductivity within the material ntype material is formed by adding pentavalent 5 valence electrons impurity atoms electrons are called majority carriers in ntype material. Transistors, diodes and integrated circuits can all be classified as semiconductor devices because they are made from semiconductor materials. Nptel syllabus processing of semiconducting materials. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductor devices reading.
Indeed, the ancient greeks put this hypothesis forward over two millennia ago. Basic semiconductor material science and solidstate physics all terrestrial materials are made up of atoms. Debroglie proposed the concept of matter waves, according to which a material particle of. Dyesensitized solar cell dssc materials gratzel et al. In equilibrium, the fermi energy must be uniform over the semiconductor sample compare to the temperature distribution over any sample in equilibrium fermi energy. For an intrinsic semiconductor, n p ni, the intrinsic carrier density. Electronics and communication engineering 85 courses.
Ee lecture notes university of california, berkeley. The growth of crystals generally occurs by means of following sequence of process. Anisotype heterojunctions exhibit current rectification and nonlinear. Freely browse and use ocw materials at your own pace.
Introduction to semiconductor materials and devices, by m. The purpose of these notes is to familiarize students with semiconductors and devices including the pn junction, and. Reviews traditional semiconductor materials as well as new, advanced semiconductors. In this project, i will try to provide an introduction to optoelectronic pnjunction devices from the point of view of semiconductor materials properties, operating principles, applications and fabrication. Oct 07, 2008 lecture series on basic electronics by dr. The ek diagram of the conduction band of a material a is sharper or narrower than the ek diagram for another material b. Graduate and advanced undergraduate students of electrical engineeringabout the book. Other materials to be dealt with are silicon compounds such as. Along with the lecture notes there will be problem sets to help enumerate the. Nov 01, 20 it is, therefore, important to understand the nature and implication of these modifications in relation to the simplest of the power devices, i. The 2 dvds include 32 lectures, approximately an hour each. Fundamentals of semiconductor devices course swayam. Semiconductor resistivities usu ally have a range since they depend on the. Lecture notes microelectronic devices and circuits.
Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor. Containing the most reliable parameter values for each of these semiconductor materials, along with applicable references, these data are organized in a structured, logical way for each semiconductor material. They are classified as either isotype or anisotype when both sides have the same or different doping types n or p, respectively. Pdf ce6401 construction materials cm books, lecture. A semiconductor which is pure and contains no impurity is known as an intrinsic semiconductor. Mse 6001, semiconductor materials lectures fall 2006 1 semiconductor materials and devices 1. Here you can download the free lecture notes of power semiconductor drives pdf notes psd pdf notes materials with multiple files links to download. Semiconductor energy bands and fermi energy concept free electrons free holes valence band conductance band fermi energy ef is an average energy of all the free carriers in a sample. Semiconductor materials, devices, and fabrication and the associated media content in the dvds provide an understanding of the materials, devices, and processing techniques used in the current microelectronics industry. Semiconductor materials are nominally small band gap insulators. A unique feature of the semiconductors is that they are bipolar in nature and in them, the current is transported by the electrons and holes.
Materials, devices and simple circuits the lowest energy level in the conduction band is shown as ec and highest energy level in the valence band is shown as e v. It will have the logos of nptel and iisc bangalore. Silicon doped with material missing electrons that produce locations called holes is called p type semiconductor. However, it was not until the twentieth century that the atomic theory of matter became firmly established as an unassailable, demonstrated fact. For years, natural specimens were the only source of large, well formed crystals.
These semiconductors typically form in periodic table groups 15 old groups iiiv, for example of elements from the boron group old group iii, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium and from group 15 old group v, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth. Metallurgy and material science electronic materials. Material, devices and simple circuits to score high marks in exams, prepared by expert physics teachers from latest edition of cbsencert books. As such, silicon will be the principal material to be studied. Devises made from semiconductor materials are the foundation of. Materials, devices and simple circuits semiconductors. Sep 21, 2014 electronic materials, devices, and fabrication by prof s. Many up and coming materials are slowly eating into silicons. The lectures map onto the individual chapters in the book. Forbidden energy gap of semiconductor material measured on ek diagram is the difference between. However, after 1990, a few semiconductor devices using organic semiconductors and semiconducting polymers have been developed signalling the birth of a futuristic technology of polymerelectronics and molecularelectronics. Most semiconductor optoelectronic devices are pnjunction diodes, and their performance depends on the. Module 1 lecture 1 semiconductor materials youtube. Hence comparing the schematic symbol to the pn junction in figure 4, we see the anode is the ptype semiconductor and the cathode is the ntype semiconductor.
It is, therefore, important to understand the nature and implication of these modifications in relation to the simplest of the power devices, i. The structures of solid materials are described with three main categories. Writing a book on semiconductor device physics and design is never complete and probably never completely satisfying. Courses fundamentals of electronic materials and devices. Above e c and below e v there are a large number of closely spaced energy levels, as shown in fig. Ntype semiconductor when a pentavalent semiconductor is added in a pure semiconductor such impurity is called donor impurity and free electrons are majority charge carrier and holes are minority charge carrier such type semiconductor is called ntype semiconductor.
N is for negative, which is the charge of an electron. Photoluminescence and excitation studies of semiconductors. A heterojunction semiconductor gas sensor is formed of two different p and ntype semiconductors. Prerequisites to understand this presentation, you should have the following prior knowledge. Semiconductor materials, devices and processing technologies are the foundation of electronic industry which is the largest industry in the world with global sales over one trillion dollars. Jun 16, 2017 semiconductors ppt and pdf report free. Semiconductor materials, devices and processing technologies are the foundation of electronic industry which is the largest industry in the world with global sales over one trillion dollars since 1998. Nptel syllabus fundamental concepts of semiconductors. When gases adsorb on the surface of the heterojunction on both sides, the interfacial barrier is modulated which has a direct effect on the charge transfer characteristics of the heterojunction 50,51. We have provided basic electrical and electronics of b. Allen institute iit jee main semiconductor class notes pdf.
Introduction to semiconductor materials linkedin slideshare. Glass, rubber and many plastics are typical insulators. Metals, semiconductors, and insulators introduction to semiconductors density of states and. The defining property of a semiconductor material is that it can be doped with impurities that alter its electronic properties in a controllable way. This comprehensive introduction to the elementary theory and properties of semiconductors describes the basic physics of semiconductor materials and technologies for fabrication of semiconductor devices. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Nptel syllabus electronic materials, devices, and fabrication. Nptel syllabus processing of semiconducting materials video course course outline. This text on the electrical, optical, magnetic, and thermal properties of materials stresses concepts rather than mathematical formalism. Hall voltage is the potential di erence across the semiconductor that is produced by the hall eld. Power semiconductor drives notes pdf psd notes pdf book starts with the topics introduction to thyristor controlled drives, single phase semi and fully controlled converters connected to d. Crystals are used in semiconductor physics, engineering, as electro optic devices etc. Assume a compound semiconductor has 25% atomic concentrations of ga, 25% atomic in and 50% atomic of n. Readers can compare results of the property measurements that have been reported by different authors and critically compare the data using.
Diffusion, electric potential and field, nonuniformly doped semiconductor. Download basic electrical and electronics engineering notes pdf. Optoelectronic semiconductor devices principals and. Electronic materials, devices, and fabrication by prof s. In an intrinsic semiconductor, the number of free electrons and holes are equal. Parasuraman,department of metallurgy and material science,iit madras. Download jee main semiconductor revision class notes pdf by allen institute. Addresses approaches to modeling and provides details of measurement.
Readers can compare results of the property measurements that have been reported by different authors and critically compare the data using the reference information contained in the book. Diode schematic symbol and actual picture of a common 1n914 diode the black stripe in the picture is the cathode. Download ce6401 construction materials cm books lecture notes syllabus part a 2 marks with answers ce6401 construction materials cm important part b 16 marks questions, pdf books, question bank with answers key, ce6401 construction materials. Draw the structure of an atom, including electrons, protons, and neutrons. Materials with resistivities higher than ohmm are considered to be insulators.
Tech 1st year study materials and lecture notes for cse, ece, eee, it, mech, civil, ane, ae, pce and all other branches. Semiconductor materials is a relatively compact book containing vast information on semiconductor material properties. Pdf ce6401 construction materials cm books, lecture notes. Nptel electronics and communication engineering video. A compound semiconductor is a semiconductor compound composed of chemical elements of at least two different species. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Search by nptel course id, course name, lecture title, coordinator. The conductivity of a semiconductor material can be varied under an external electrical field.
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